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Fianna Éireann
The Irish nationalist youth organisation Na Fianna Éireann (or, more grammatically correct, Fianna na hÉireann) was originally organised "to serve as a Junior Hurling League to promote the study of the Irish Language" on 26 June 1902 at the Catholic Boys’ Hall, Falls Road, in West Belfast, the brainchild of Bulmer Hobson.〔Witness Statement of Bulmer Hobson to the Bureau of Military History, 1948〕 Hobson, a Quaker influenced by suffragism and nationalism, joined the Irish Republican Brotherhood in 1904 and was an early member of Sinn Féin during its monarchist-nationalist period, alongside Arthur Griffith and Constance Markievicz. Hobson later relocated to Dublin and the Fianna organisation collapsed in Belfast.
Meanwhile, the ''Red Branch Knights'', a Dublin branch of Irish National Boy Scouts, were founded by Markievicz sometime before July 1909 (prior to this, Lord Baden Powell had reportedly unsuccessfully sought the assistance of Patrick Pearse in setting up a branch of his Boy Scouts in Dublin).〔''Talk History'' radio programme, Newstalk Radio, 18 August 2009〕 After discussions involving Hobson, Markievicz, suffragist and labour activist Helena Molony and Seán McGarry, the Irish National Boy Scouts changed their name to Na Fianna Éireann at a meeting in 34 Lower Camden Street, Dublin, on 16 August 1909 (the building today marked with a commemorative plaque), at which Hobson was elected as president (thus ensuring a strong IRB influence), Markievicz as vice-president and Padraig Ó'Riain as secretary. Seán Heuston was the leader of the Fianna on Dublin’s north side, while Cornelius 'Con' Colbert was the leader on the south side.
As with all scouting organisations, an instructional handbook was a necessity. The job of producing this Fianna Éireann handbook fell to Padraig O'Riain. With articles from Patrick Pearse and Roger Casement, and advertisements from suppliers of uniforms and equipment, the first Fianna handbook appeared in 1913. It came at a time when the Irish Volunteers was being established and the book was widely used by this group also. Countess Markievicz bought a large rambling house at Ranelagh, Surrey House. It became the unofficial headquarters of Na Fianna for some time. The older boys would gather and train here, and a mini firing range was set up in the basement. The boys also had a radio set in operation and this led to a raid from the DMP. A proper HQ was later set up in D'Olier Street.〔Witness Statement of Garry Holohan〕
==Irish Volunteers==
The Fianna played an active part during the 1913 Dublin Lock-out. A Fianna officer, Patsy O’Connor, died after being struck on the head by a Dublin Metropolitan Police baton while giving first aid to an injured man. As Na Fianna Éireann had been organised four years earlier than the Irish Volunteers, and as many of its members were now young adults, fully trained in many aspects of military discipline, many young members transferred over to the Volunteers in November 1913. The original committee which set up the new volunteer movement had three Fianna members on it.〔Hobson, ibid.〕 Con Colbert, Michael Lonergan, Éamon Martin and Padraig Ó'Riain were prominent in training Irish Volunteers. Seamus Pounch was instrumental in the training of the newly formed Cumann na mBan women's organisation in 1914.〔Witness Statement of Seamus Pounch〕
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